Mexico · Textile / Netting & Knotting
Hamaca (Spanish); the craft's Yucatec Maya designation varies by community
The construction of suspended woven sleeping nets on a simple standing loom using a tight double or triple knotted weave, historically made from henequen (sisal) agave fiber and now most often cotton or nylon, centered on the town of Tixkokob near Mérida, where the craft remains the community's defining livelihood generations after the collapse of the henequen export economy that once made Yucatán's "green gold."
Risk level: Vulnerable · Not currently inscribed on a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list; Mexico is a State Party to the UNESCO 2003 Convention (ratified 14 December 2005) and could nominate this technique in the future.
A leather-embroidery technique in which pita or ixtle — fine, strong thread hand-processed from agave (maguey) leaf fiber — is stitched directly into leather in dense decorative patterns, developed in Colotlán, Jalisco, from the late 19th…
A wool wearing-blanket tradition developed when Spanish colonial authorities resettled Tlaxcalan weavers to Saltillo, Coahuila, in 1591, combining pre-Hispanic backstrap-loom textile knowledge with Spanish-introduced treadle looms and wool…
A chisel-and-mallet paper-cutting technique developed in San Salvador Huixcolotla, Puebla, in which artisans stack up to fifty sheets of colored tissue paper and punch elaborate symmetrical designs through the entire stack at once,…
A hand-spun cotton embroidery tradition of the Totonac people of Papantla, Veracruz, applying dense floral and figurative surface embroidery to huipiles and everyday and ritual clothing, sustained today through a dedicated Indigenous arts…
A beeswax candle-sculpture tradition in which thin, hand-shaped and hand-dyed wax petals are individually formed and assembled into elaborate flowers, ruffles, birds, and other figures built directly onto standing candles, historically…
The construction of the silla charra — the distinctive Mexican charro saddle, engineered with a characteristically high pommel and cantle and a deep seat specifically designed to provide the security needed for charrería's demanding…
The weaving of baskets and brooms from quilineja (Luzuriaga radicans), a fine-rooted evergreen climbing vine native to Chile and Argentina, harvested by Chiloé artisans deep in the archipelago's forests, where they seek out the plant…
An academically documented and exceptionally rare goat-hair weaving technique used by the Hadendoa (also Hedendoa/Hedendowa), a Beja tribal group of eastern Sudan traditionally inhabiting the region between the Nile and the Red Sea from…
The preparation, preservation, and elaborate ceremonial wrapping of xeedho, a traditional wedding gift ensemble prepared exclusively by the bride's mother and female relatives across Djibouti's Afar, Somali, and wider Somali-diaspora…
The plaiting (kunti) of young palm tree leaves, reeds, grass, and sorghum stalks into an exceptionally diverse range of functional and decorative household objects by women of the Nara people, a small (approximately 1.5% of national…
The hand-weaving of ilala palm fiber into distinctively formed baskets -- a square woven base opening into a wide round rim -- by Tonga women of Zambia's Southern Province, near the Zambezi River.
The weaving of spiral-pattern baskets from sisal fiber by women of the Kikuyu (Agikuyu), Kamba, and Taita communities of central and eastern Kenya.