Cambodia · Metalwork / Engraving

Koh Chen Copper and Silver Engraving — Chhlak Sbek Ka'ek

Chhlak Kro'moum; Koh Chen Sbek Ka'ek

The engraving of flattened copper sheet — often subsequently silver-plated — into decorative and ceremonial objects at Koh Chen and neighboring Prek Kdam villages in Kandal province, a craft distinct from the archive's existing Khmer silver repoussé record (CRAFT-0508): where repoussé raises relief by hammering a design from the reverse side of the metal, Koh Chen's core technique is front-worked engraving and chasing directly into flattened copper sheet, historically combined with a silver-plating finish. The craft is a strict family trade with a gendered division of labor reported by contemporary practitioners — men typically forge and flatten the copper, women engrave the detailed designs — producing decorative pots, bowls, plates, ornamental ceremonial swords (traditionally popular gifts for Khmer weddings), bracelets, and small lidded boxes shaped as fruits, animals, or geometric forms. The Koh Chen tradition survived the Khmer Rouge era and remains an active multigenerational family enterprise, exemplified by the Phnhi Tes Handicraft Shop in Prek Kdam Muoy village, now in its third to fifth working generation.

Risk level: Vulnerable · Not Listed

Alternate Names
Copper engraving; silver-plated copperware; Kandal copper craft; flattened copper carving
Geographic Center
Koh Chen commune (Koh Chen and Prek Kdam villages), Ponhea Leu district, Kandal province, approximately 35km from Phnom Penh along the Tonlé River
Community / Ethnic Group
Khmer
Estimated Origin
Documented as an ancestral tradition predating the Sangkum Reastr Niyum era (1955–1970) and the Pol Pot/Khmer Rouge period (1975–1979) according to community elders, with continuous family practice reported across multiple generations before, during, and after these disruptions
Cultural Function
Koh Chen engraved copperware serves ceremonial, decorative, and commercial functions simultaneously: ornamental engraved swords are a traditional gift for Khmer weddings, engraved silver-plated boxes and tropical-fruit-shaped containers are used in ceremonial contexts, and the broader product range supplies both domestic use and the international tourist and collector souvenir market
Primary Materials
Copper sheet (the primary structural material, hammered flat and thin before engraving); silver (traditionally applied as a plating or overlay finish over the engraved copper base, though some pieces remain unplated copper)
Primary Tools
Hammers (for flattening and forging copper sheet); engraving chisels and chasing punches of varying profiles; silver-plating application tools and materials
Process Overview
Copper sheet forged and hammered to consistent thinness; design engraved into the flattened copper using chasing chisels and punches, following an established directional stroke sequence specific to the design's motif; silver plating applied (for silver-plated pieces); piece polished and finished
Traditional Applications
Ceremonial wedding gift swords; ceremonial and decorative boxes, bowls, plates, and tropical-fruit-shaped containers for household and ritual use
Contemporary Applications
Tourist and international collector souvenir market (pots, bowls, plates, bracelets); contemporary decorative retail through organizations such as Artisans Angkor
Notable Practitioners
Van Libo (second-generation copper and silver engraver, Phnhi Tes Handicraft Shop, Prek Kdam Muoy village); Van Nila (third-generation family member, eldest of nine children continuing the trade); Nhem Soeun (Koh Chen commune chief, community historical source)
Key References
Phnom Penh Post, 'Kandal's copper carvers carry on ancestral artistry'; World Crafts Council Asia Pacific Region, Encyclopedia of Crafts, 'Silver plated copperware'; Cambodia Ministry of Tourism, 'Cambodian Arts'; Mindtrip, 'Koh Chen in Kandal Province'
Verification Status
Verified

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