Japan · Ceramics / Pottery

Mino Ware Shino and Oribe Glazed Ceramics

美濃焼 (Mino-yaki)

Ceramics from the Tōnō region of eastern Gifu Prefecture, in a collective name for about fifteen traditional types. The best known were made for the tea ceremony in the Momoyama period: Shino, with a thick white feldspar glaze over iron-brown designs and small pinholes; Oribe, often in a copper-green glaze and deliberately irregular forms; Ki-Seto, in a pale yellow ash glaze; and Setoguro, a black glaze produced by pulling the vessel from the kiln while red-hot. The same region also produces most of Japan's everyday porcelain and stoneware tableware. It was designated a national Traditional Craft on July 22, 1978.

Risk level: Stable · Not inscribed; designated a Traditional Craft by the Japanese government (1978), and Arakawa Toyozō was designated a Living National Treasure (1955) for Shino and Setoguro

Alternate Names
Minoyaki; Shino (志野), Oribe (織部), Ki-Seto (黄瀬戸) and Setoguro (瀬戸黒) wares; Gifu ceramics
Geographic Center
Tōnō region, Gifu Prefecture: Tajimi, Toki, Mizunami, Kani and Ena cities, and Mitake Town
Community / Ethnic Group
Japanese potters; Mino-yaki Traditional Crafts Cooperative Association
Estimated Origin
Sources give 'more than 1,300 years', dating the start to the late Kofun period (7th century) with Sue ware fired in anagama kilns introduced via the Korean peninsula; one source dates it to the 5th century. Ash-glazed ware was made by the Heian period. The tea-ceremony styles flowered from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early Edo period; the first record of Oribe ware is dated February 28, 1599. A Google Arts & Culture exhibit from the Art Research Center, Ritsumeikan University, says Oribe became popular in the early 1600s with asymmetrical forms, colorful glazes and motifs inspired by Kyoto, and that Arakawa Toyozō revived the Momoyama tradition in the 1930s.
Cultural Function
Tea-ceremony vessels in the Momoyama and early Edo periods; since the Edo period, everyday tableware; today both studio ceramics and mass-produced dinnerware.
Primary Materials
Mino clays (named in the craft standard as mogusa, Mino, kibushi and gairome clays); feldspar, ash, iron and copper glazes
Primary Tools
Potter's wheel; molds; combs and bamboo or metal tools for carving and comb-mark decoration; brushes; kilns of several kinds (climbing kiln, anagama, gas, electric)
Process Overview
Knead the clay → shape by wheel, slab, mold or hand → dry → bisque fire at about 700–800 °C → underglaze painting → glaze by dipping, ladling or brushing → final high firing → overglaze decoration fired at about 700–800 °C where used → finishing.
Traditional Applications
Tea ceremony bowls, water jars and food dishes; flower vases; drinking utensils; ornaments
Contemporary Applications
Everyday tableware (Gifu's Tōnō region is described as Japan's largest ceramics and porcelain production base); studio ceramics; design objects
Notable Practitioners
Arakawa Toyozō (1894–1985), Living National Treasure (1955) for Shino and Setoguro; Katō Tōkurō (1898–1985), named with Arakawa as a reviver of the Mino kilns; Furuta Oribe (1544–1615), the tea master for whom Oribe ware is named; Hayashi Kōzō (b. 1950, Toki), celadon and Oribe potter
Key References
Traditional Crafts Aoyama Square, 'MINO Yaki (Ceramics)', https://kougeihin.jp/en/craft/0406/ ; Kogei Japan, 'Mino Ware', https://kogeijapan.com/locale/en_US/minoyaki/ ; Discover Tajimi, 'The Story of Mino ware, Part 4', https://www.discovertajimi.com/story-of-minoware-04.html ; ZenKiln, 'Mino Ware Guide: Shino, Oribe & Gifu Ceramics' (retailer editorial, cites the Aoyama Square, JAPAN HOUSE Los Angeles and Gifu tourism sources), https://zen-kiln.com/blogs/journal/mino-ware-guide ; Art Research Center, Ritsumeikan University, 'Mino Ceramics: From Momoyama to Modern Revival', Google Arts & Culture online exhibit; Mino-yaki pamphlet, Mino ceramics industry association (not retrieved in full)
Verification Status
Desk-Researched

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