Japan · Ceramics & Pottery

Tsugaru-yaki Apple-Ash Glazed Pottery

津軽焼 (Tsugaru-yaki); related kiln lineages Hirashimizu-yaki, Osawa-yaki, Shitakawara-yaki and Akudo-yaki; sea-cucumber glaze = namako-yu

Glazed ceramics made in and around Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture, from local iron-rich clay, glazed with black tenmoku or with an apple-ash glaze made from burnt apple tree wood, sometimes blended with rice-straw ash in a namako ('sea cucumber') glaze, and fired with local pine. Aomori Prefecture traces it to four domain-era kilns assembled under the Tsugaru lord Nobumasa; its present form is a Showa-era revival after the older kilns died out in the Taisho period. Made for everyday use (tea ware, sake ware, plates, vases) rather than as luxury ceramics. Aomori Prefecture designated it a traditional craft in March 1996.

Risk level: Vulnerable (few kilns; revival craft with an interrupted lineage) · Not inscribed

Alternate Names
Tsugaru pottery; Akudo-yaki and Aoyagi-yaki (the older Hirosaki kilns)
Geographic Center
Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture, Tohoku (Akudo district, Shimizumori, Hirono and Jonan areas)
Community / Ethnic Group
Hirosaki potters
Estimated Origin
Accounts differ. Aomori Prefecture and Tsugaru Chiyozo Kiln trace Tsugaru-yaki to Nobumasa, fourth lord (1691, when potters were summoned from Edo and kilns opened across the domain, per the Chiyozo kiln; Wikipedia gives the Hirashimizu kiln as 1691 by Samuemon, Seto Suke and Kyubee). The Hirosaki library history dates the Akudo kiln to the early Bunka era: around 1806 Ishioka Rinbee brought potters from Ugo province, and the Akudo kilns later moved to Ogida, Nogiya and Aoyagi before closing around 1919. The domain banned imported pottery in 1850.
Cultural Function
Domain furnishings and everyday ware under the Tsugaru lords; later tea and sake ware sold as local craft; a regional identity ware
Primary Materials
Local clay (the Akudo clay is iron-rich, fires a deep red and is hard); apple-ash and tenmoku glazes
Process Overview
Per Aomori Prefecture: wedging → forming → trimming and finishing → drying → bisque firing → underglaze decoration → glazing → glost firing
Traditional Applications
Domain furnishings, everyday vessels, tea ware
Contemporary Applications
Tea ware, vases, sake ware, plates; a ginger grater is the Chiyozo kiln's best seller
Notable Practitioners
Takano Hiroshi (Takano Toubou, certified traditional craftsperson 2006); Noro Kaoru (Hirono Kiln, 2007); Sakamoto Yoko (Tsugaru Neputa Village, 2021); Tsugaru Chiyozo Kiln (Hirosaki)
Key References
Aomori Prefecture, 'Tsugaru-yaki', https://www.pref.aomori.lg.jp/soshiki/sangyo/chikikigyo/aomori_dento-kogei_tsugaruyaki.html ; Tsugaru Chiyozo Kiln, 'About Tsugaru-yaki', https://tsugaruyaki.com/ ; Hirosaki City Library, Hirosaki city history, vol. 3 (early modern 2), 'Pottery making at Akudo village' (adeac.jp) ; Wikipedia (Japanese), 'Tsugaru-yaki' (citing Hirosaki City and the Chiyozo kiln) ; Turuta Junkyu, 'Akudo-yaki' (citing the periodical Kogei) ; Aomori Prefecture, list of traditional crafts and craftspersons, https://www.pref.aomori.lg.jp/soshiki/sangyo/chikikigyo/dento-kogei_aomori.html
Verification Status
Desk-Researched

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