India · Metalwork / Repoussé

Pembarthi Brass Sheet Repoussé on Lac

పెంబర్తి లోహ కళ (Pembarthi metal craft); the resin bed is called lakka

Embossed and chiseled sheet-metal craft of Pembarthi village, Jangaon District, Telangana, made by Vishwakarma metalworkers. A brass or copper sheet is fixed on a hardened bed of lac resin (lakka) set on a wooden plank, a paper sketch is placed on it and the design is carved and hammered into the metal with about a hundred different chisels the workers forge themselves. Separate parts are joined by soldering or small rivets, washed with acid and tamarind, filed and buffed. Products range from temple and deity plaques to wall plates, trophies and puja ware. Registered as a Geographical Indication in 2010.

Risk level: Endangered · Not inscribed

Alternate Names
Pembarthi sheet metal embossing; Pembarthi brassware; Pembarthy metal craft
Geographic Center
Pembarthi village, Jangaon District, Telangana (about 65–80 km from Warangal and Hyderabad)
Community / Ethnic Group
Vishwakarma metalworkers
Estimated Origin
Craft portals and the GI application link Pembarthi's metalworkers to the Kakatiya period, when they made temple vigrahas (idols), vahanas (processional vehicles) and temple ornament. The GI application also claims origins 'more than 5,000 years' ago, which no source supports. A 2010 press account of the artisans' society says the brassware itself dates to the Nizam's rule, about 200 years, when the artisans turned to betel-nut boxes (paandan), perfume pots (ittar) and household ware. A cooperative society was founded in 1958.
Cultural Function
Temple ornament and icons; later household and decorative ware; now souvenirs and gifts, a symbol of Telangana craft
Primary Materials
Brass and copper sheet (about ten gauge)
Primary Tools
About a hundred chisels or nail-like punches made by the artisans from iron; hammers; files; gas torch; buffing wheels (kamal or rose bar)
Process Overview
Prepare the lac bed → fix the sheet on it → trace the sketch through paper → carve and emboss with chisels → release the sheet by heating → join parts by soldering or fine rivets → acid wash and tamarind brush → file → buff and polish. Per the GI application: six steps (lac preparation, fixing, drawing and carving, acid cleaning, filing, buffing).
Traditional Applications
Temple idols, vahanas, kirtimukha and prabha pinnacles; paandans and ittar pots under the Nizams
Contemporary Applications
Wall plates, nameplates, trophies, deity statues, puja utensils, bells, lamps, logos and mementoes; panels such as Dashavatara and Ashtalakshmi
Notable Practitioners
Vishwakarma Brass, Copper & Silver Industrial Co-operative Society Ltd. (Pembarthi); Ayla Achary (credited with winning government assistance for the craft); K. Buchaiah Chary (society president in 2010)
Key References
Intellectual Property India, GI 194 'Pembarthi Metal Craft', https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublicSearch/Application/Details/194 ; GI application text (Andhra Pradesh Handicrafts Development Corporation and the Vishwakarma Society), https://www.origin-gi.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/124-pembarthi-metal-craft.pdf ; DSource (NID), 'Sheet embossing — Pembarthi', https://www.dsource.in/sites/default/files/resource/sheet-embossing-pembarthi/downloads/file/Resource-sheet-embossing-pembarthi_final.pdf ; Handicrafts India, 'Pembarthi metal craft', https://handicrafts.nic.in/crafts/All_Crafts/Craft_Categories/Metal/Other_Metal/Pembarthi_Metal_Craft/PembarthiMetalWebPage.html ; Andhra Cultural Portal, 'Crafts: Pembarthi' (2015) ; Business Standard, 'Pemberthy brassware artisans seek GI tag' (2010)
Verification Status
Desk-Researched

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